Tools
One place for quick financial math: multi-purpose calculator, liquidity and leverage ratios, margins, and return/activity metrics. Use the same currency for every field in a worksheet.
How to use this page
- Pick a section below or use Jump to for long pages.
- Outputs are educational—always follow your course or firm definitions (average vs. ending balances, etc.).
- Need a walkthrough? Open Chat from the header or practice in Study.
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Full calculator
Expressions, present and future value, loan payments, depreciation, CAGR, break-even, and more—in one embedded panel.
Liquidity & working capital
Short-term cushion and ability to cover near-term obligations. Pair with leverage ratios for a fuller picture.
Working capital
Current assets minus current liabilities. Positive usually means more near-term flexibility.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Current ratio
Current assets ÷ current liabilities. Quick sanity check only—not a substitute for full analysis.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Quick (acid-test) ratio
(Current assets − inventory) ÷ current liabilities. Stricter liquidity check than the current ratio.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Leverage & coverage
Capital structure and ability to service interest. Numerators and denominators should match your problem set definitions.
Debt-to-equity
Total debt ÷ total equity. Definitions vary by text; use the same inputs consistently when comparing.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Interest coverage
EBIT ÷ interest expense. How many times operating earnings cover interest.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Margins & contribution
Income-statement profitability and contribution margin for quick CVP-style checks.
Gross margin
(Revenue − cost of goods sold) ÷ revenue, as a percentage.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Operating margin
Operating income ÷ revenue. Shows core operations before interest and tax.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Contribution margin ratio
(Revenue − variable costs) ÷ revenue. Used in CVP; fixed costs are ignored here.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Net profit margin
Net income ÷ revenue, as a percentage.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Returns & activity
How profit and sales relate to the balance sheet, plus turnover and collection speed. Simplified one-period formulas where noted.
Return on assets (ROA)
Net income ÷ total assets. How efficiently assets generate profit (one-period snapshot).
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Return on equity (ROE)
Net income ÷ total equity. Return to owners’ stake; leverage and definitions affect comparability.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Asset turnover
Revenue ÷ average total assets. Here: revenue ÷ ending assets (simplified one-period).
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Inventory turnover
COGS ÷ average inventory. Here: COGS ÷ ending inventory (simplified).
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Receivables turnover
Revenue ÷ accounts receivable. Higher usually means faster collection (definitions vary).
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.
Days sales outstanding (DSO)
(Accounts receivable ÷ revenue) × 365. Rough days of sales tied up in AR; uses revenue as proxy for credit sales.
Enter valid amounts. Denominators must be greater than zero where noted.